Revolutions, industry, nation-states and empires that spanned the globe. These articles cover the long nineteenth century.
A wooden tiger mauls a European; a crank plays an organ inside. Taken from Tipu Sultan's palace when Seringapatam fell in May 1799; in London since 1800.
· 1799Jefferson's orders of June 20, 1803, and the journals' dated lines from Camp Dubois, May 14, 1804, to Ordway's "finis" at St. Louis, September 23, 1806.
· 1804Enslaved people rose in Saint-Domingue in 1791, outlasted Spain, Britain and Napoleon, declared Haiti in 1804, then paid former slaveholders until 1888.
· 1804Hannah Dawes Newcomb kept a parlor fire in Keene from May 1816. Tambora is the accepted cause; a 2016 paper testing the link was withdrawn.
· 1816Britain fought China from 1840 to 1842 after Lin Zexu destroyed British opium at Canton. The Treaty of Nanjing opened five ports and ceded Hong Kong.
· 1840In English the chiefs ceded sovereignty; in Māori they gave kāwanatanga and kept tino rangatiratanga. The Waitangi Tribunal has judged the gap since 1975.
· 1840Rawlinson copied the Behistun inscription between 1835 and 1847; in 1857 four sealed translations of one Assyrian text tested the decipherment.
· 1847Paris fell on February 24, 1848 and four capitals followed by March 22; by 1849 liberals had split from workers, nations from nations, and armies won.
· 1848Queen Victoria opened the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park on May 1, 1851. The Royal Commission put its glass hall at 1,851 feet; its catalogue, 1,848.
· 1851India's first passenger train left Bori Bunder at 3.30 pm on April 16, 1853. Behind it stood a 5 per cent guarantee of 1849 and a pass finished in 1868.
· 1853A 30-shilling license, a charter adopted on Bakery Hill on November 11, 1854, a stockade stormed on December 3 and 13 treason trials that convicted no one.
· 1854The English text of Perry's 1854 treaty ends with "Done at Kanagawa" and one signature. Two ports, shipwrecked sailors, a toy railroad, 200 rice bundles.
· 1854Andrew Waugh's 1856 letter to the Royal Geographical Society named Peak XV "Mont Everest" at 29,002 feet and thanked one assistant, J. Hennessey.
· 1856Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote that Black Americans were not citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Six justices concurred; two dissented.
· 1857Sepoys at Meerut rose on May 10, 1857 over greased cartridges and marched to Delhi. Parliament took India from the Company by an Act of August 2, 1858.
· 1857MPs asked in June 1858 how to protect Parliament from the Thames; on July 15 Disraeli called the river a Stygian pool and named a 3,000,000 pound plan.
· 1858Carrington and Hodgson each saw a white-light flare on September 1, 1859, as Kew's magnetographs jumped. Auroras and telegraph failures followed.
· 1859Darwin's diary says the 1,250 copies of the Origin sold on publication day, November 24, 1859; Murray's trade sale had already taken orders for 1,500.
· 1859William Brahe left the Cooper Creek depot nine hours before Burke, Wills and King returned on April 21, 1861; a royal commission later divided the blame.
· 1861Ármin Vámbéry left Tehran in March 1863 as the dervish Reshid Efendi, saw the khan of Khiva and the emir at Samarkand, and was back on January 20, 1864.
· 1863Lincoln's proclamation freed the enslaved in ten rebel states, exempted 13 Louisiana parishes and 55 Virginia counties, and skipped the border states.
· 1863The phrase came from an 1840 letter and a 1901 novel. The events were Russian armies taking Tashkent, Samarkand, Khiva, Kokand and Merv, 1865 to 1884.
· 1865The oath sworn in the Meiji emperor's name in April 1868, its five clauses, and the 22 years from Fushimi to the first Imperial Diet of 1890.
· 1868Egypt granted the Suez concession, bought 44 percent of the shares and supplied the labor. In November 1875 a bankrupt khedive sold that stake to Britain.
· 1869
