The Americas in the modern era (1800 – 1914). Revolutions, industry, nation-states and empires that spanned the globe. These articles cover the long nineteenth century.
Jefferson's orders of June 20, 1803, and the journals' dated lines from Camp Dubois, May 14, 1804, to Ordway's "finis" at St. Louis, September 23, 1806.
· 1804Enslaved people rose in Saint-Domingue in 1791, outlasted Spain, Britain and Napoleon, declared Haiti in 1804, then paid former slaveholders until 1888.
· 1804Hannah Dawes Newcomb kept a parlor fire in Keene from May 1816. Tambora is the accepted cause; a 2016 paper testing the link was withdrawn.
· 1816Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote that Black Americans were not citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Six justices concurred; two dissented.
· 1857Lincoln's proclamation freed the enslaved in ten rebel states, exempted 13 Louisiana parishes and 55 Virginia counties, and skipped the border states.
· 1863The Act of July 1, 1862, paid two railroads in bonds and land by the mile. On May 10, 1869, the rails met at Promontory Summit and a telegraph sent "DONE."
· 1869The South Fork Dam failed on May 31, 1889. A county commission blamed its owners, a club of Pittsburgh industrialists, but every suit against the club failed.
· 1889Mount Pelée destroyed Saint-Pierre, Martinique, on May 8, 1902, three days before an election. Two people in the city are known to have survived.
· 1902
