The Americas in the early modern world (1500 – 1800). Oceans became highways, gunpowder empires rose, and the scientific revolution began. These articles cover the three centuries in which the world's regions first became one system.
Pizarro seized Atahualpa at Cajamarca on November 16, 1532, after plague and civil war had split the Inca; the conquest itself took until 1572.
· 1532Potosí silver, found in 1545 and refined with mercury by forced mita labor, sailed to Seville and, on Manila galleons, to China, the era's silver sink.
· 1572Finished at Tlatelolco in 1577 by Sahagún and Nahua scholars, ordered to Spain by Philip II, in Medici hands by 1587, in Florence from 1783, online 2023.
· 1577
