East Asia in the modern era (1800 – 1914). Revolutions, industry, nation-states and empires that spanned the globe. These articles cover the long nineteenth century.
Britain fought China from 1840 to 1842 after Lin Zexu destroyed British opium at Canton. The Treaty of Nanjing opened five ports and ceded Hong Kong.
· 1840The English text of Perry's 1854 treaty ends with "Done at Kanagawa" and one signature. Two ports, shipwrecked sailors, a toy railroad, 200 rice bundles.
· 1854The oath sworn in the Meiji emperor's name in April 1868, its five clauses, and the 22 years from Fushimi to the first Imperial Diet of 1890.
· 1868Kume Kunitake published the Iwakura Mission's official record in 1878; the National Diet Library gives the mission's 1871 departure and aims.
· 1871Article 1 of the treaty signed at Ganghwa on February 26, 1876 called Joseon an autonomous state. The Gojong Sillok prints all twelve articles.
· 1876Signed at Peking on September 7, 1901 by China and eleven powers, the Boxer Protocol set an indemnity of 450 million taels at 4 percent over 39 years.
· 1901
